No Association between Val108/158Met Polymorphism on Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase(COMT) Gene and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement(SPEM) Abnormality in Korean Schizophrenia Patients

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of Val108/158Met polymorphism on catechol-O-methyl transferase(COMT) gene with smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormality in Korean schizophrenia patients. METHODS: We measured SPEM in 217 Korean schizophrenia patients(male 116, female 101) and divided them into two groups, one was a good SPEM function group and the other was a poor SPEM function group. Then we analyzed Val108/158Met polymorphism on COMT gene. We compared the differences of genotype and allele distributions of the polymorphism on COMT gene between the two groups. RESULTS: The natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio(Ln S/N ratio) of the good SPEM function group was 4.39+/-0.33(mean+/-s.d.) and that of poor SPEM function group was 3.17+/-0.71. There were no statistically significant differences of age and male/female ratio between the two groups. There were no significant differences of genotype or allele distributions of the Val108/158Met polymorphism on COMT gene between the two schizophrenic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that Val108/158Met polymorphism on COMT gene is not related to SPEM function abnormality in schizophrenia.

Association Analysis between P1635 and P1655 Polymorphisms on Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1(DTNBP1) Gene and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement(SPEM) Abnormality in Korean Schizophrenia Patients / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of P1635 and P1655 polymorphisms on dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene with smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality in Korean schizophrenia patients. METHODS: We measured SPEM function in 216 Korean schizophrenia patients (male 116, female 100) and divided them into two groups, one is a good SPEM function group and the other is a poor SPEM function group. We then analyzed P1635 polymorphism and P1655 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene from their DNAs extracted from their blood. We compared the differences of genotype and allele distributions of the two polymorphisms on DTNBP1 gene between the two groups. RESULTS: The Ln S/N ratio (mean+/-sd) of the good SPEM function group was 4.39+/-0.33 and the ratio of poor SPEM function group was 3.18+/-0.71. There were no statistically significant differences of age and male/female ratio between the two groups. There were no significant differences of genotype or allele distributions of the P1635 polymorphism and P1655 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene between the two schizophrenia groups divided by SPEM function. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that P1635 polymorphism and P1655 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene might not be related to SPEM function abnormality in schizophrenia.

Relationship between SNP A and P1763 Polymorphisms on Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1(DTNBP1) Gene and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement(SPEM) Abnormality in Korean Schizophrenic Patients

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of SNP A and P1763 polymorphisms on dystrobrevin binding protein 1(DTNBP1) gene with smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormality in Korean schizophrenic patients. METHODS: We measured SPEM function in 217 Korean schizophrenics(male 116, female 101) and divided them into two groups, one is a good SPEM function group and the other is a poor SPEM function group. We then analyzed SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene from their DNAs extracted from their blood. We compared the differences of genotype and allele distributions of the two polymorphisms on DTNBP1 gene between the two groups. RESULTS: The Ln S/N ratio(mean+/-SD) of the good SPEM function group was 4.39+/-0.33 and the ratio of poor SPEM function group was 3.17+/-0.71. There were no statistically significant differences of age and male/female ratio between the two groups. There were no significant differences of genotype or allele distributions of the SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene between the two schizophrenic groups divided by SPEM function. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene might not be related to SPEM function abnormality in schizophrenia.

No Association of CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 Polymorphisms with Tardive Dyskinesia in Korean Schizophrenics

P450 CYP2D6 enzyme(debrisoquine hydroxylase) is known to metabolize many neuroleptics and some genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene were reported to be associated with tardive dyskinesia(TD). We investigeted the association of two genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene, CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10, with TD in Korean schizophrenic subjects. Subjects consisted of 71 Korean schizophrenics and TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic variables of age, male to female percentage and the current antipsychotic(CPZ equivalent) dose between the grup with TD and the group without TD. But the duration of antipsychotic drug exposure was siginificantly higher in the group without TD(p=0.000, by independent t-test). The mean AIMS score in the group with TD was 11.2+/-6.6(S.D.). Genotypings ofr the presence of CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 wee done using PCR amplifications and endonuclease digestions. There were no statistically significant genotypic and alleleic associations between TD and CYP2D6*4(by chi-square tests), and between TD and CYP2D6*10(by chi-square tests). These results indicate that the CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 polymorphisms have no significant roles in the causation of TD.

A Case Rhabdomyolysis by Rare Causes: After Consumption of Common Doses of Acetaminophen and Sauna / 대한신장학회잡지

A 21-year-young man had an episode of myalgia and chilling 3 days prior to hospital admission. He had consumed common doses of acetaminophen for one day, and was presented in the sauna room for an hour. On the next morning, he complained of dyspnea and was admitted. He presented in rhabdo-myolysis and acute renal failure with increased up-take in the proximal muscles by (99m)Tc-MPD bone scan. He was treated by hemodialysis and discharged on the twenty-eighth hospital day. Rhabdomyolysis has the variable causes. The causes of this case are two, the first cause is common doses of acetaminophen. But, there is no reports for rhabdomyolysis by common doses of acetaminophen only. However, we should consider that acetaminophen is a contributing factor in this case. The second cause is viral infection. Our patient had myalgia and chilling prior to hospital admission. Heat- stroke is well known cause of rhabdomyolysis. The mechnisms for rhabdomyolysis in this disease are hypovolemia, total body potassium deficit, and increased variable cytokines. Sauna, the last cause of our rhabdomyolysis case may have the same mechanisms with heatstroke. Our case had two causative factors, common doses of acetaminophen and sauna. These factors might be cooperated in our case of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.

Nonrenal Indications for Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration / 대한신장학회잡지

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration(CAVH) is used to treat hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure, refractory ascites and edema, sepsis, or ARDS patients. Patients received CAVH during a 3-year-period from March 1994 to February 1997. Their clinical findings were analyzed retrospectively, and the results were as follows; They were 6 men and 3 women from 28 to 62 years. 3 patients had ARDS, 2 patients had CHF. The remainder had SLE, liver cirrhosis, septic shock with cholangitis, diabetic ketoacidosis with pulmonary edema. The duration of treatment ranged from 30 to 50 hours, with a mean of 41.6+/-6.9 hours. The total fluid repalcement was 22.4+/-1.7L and the mean fluid loss was 3.9+/-2.6L. Changes in serum BUN, creatinine, sodium, potasium before and after treatment were not significantly diffrent. The complication of CAVH is clotting of hemofilter, hypotension, bleeding, and mild thrombocytopenia. 2 of 3 ARDS patients expired during CAVH, liver cirrhosis patient expired later due to hepatic encephalopathy, and, finally 6 patients discharged with improved conditions. In conclusion, CAVH, a safe and effective therapy in hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure, refractory ascites and edema, sepsis, or ARDS patients.

A Rare Case of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Anomaly Associated with Multiple Stones / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Congenital anomaly of the extrahepatic biliary system is relatively common, especially vascular variations are much more frequent than anatomic variations. The normal anatomical structure is encountered in only 35 percent of individuals, many of these variations have little or no clinical improtance, but some cases induce symptoms and signs or may lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate management. These are very important to correct diagnosis of biliary variations observed during ultrasonography, cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and to accurate management by surgeon or endoscopist since accidental section or ligation of aberrant structures can lead to serious complications. We experienced a very rare case of extrahepatic bile duct anomaly confirmed by ERCP. The right and left extrahepatic ducts were connected at the level of the pancreatic segment of the common bile duct and the cystic duct drains to the right extrahepatic duct. There were several stones in the distal portion of the left extrahepatic duct and gallbladder.

A Rare Case of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Anomaly Associated with Multiple Stones / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Congenital anomaly of the extrahepatic biliary system is relatively common, especially vascular variations are much more frequent than anatomic variations. The normal anatomical structure is encountered in only 35 percent of individuals, many of these variations have little or no clinical improtance, but some cases induce symptoms and signs or may lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate management. These are very important to correct diagnosis of biliary variations observed during ultrasonography, cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and to accurate management by surgeon or endoscopist since accidental section or ligation of aberrant structures can lead to serious complications. We experienced a very rare case of extrahepatic bile duct anomaly confirmed by ERCP. The right and left extrahepatic ducts were connected at the level of the pancreatic segment of the common bile duct and the cystic duct drains to the right extrahepatic duct. There were several stones in the distal portion of the left extrahepatic duct and gallbladder.

Observations on Blood Pressure and Central Venous Pressure Change in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Transurethral resection of prostate is popular methop, but hemorrhage and absorption of irrigation fluid are most common complications during operation. We have studied changes of blood pressure and central venous pressure during and after of transurethral resection in 32 patients with BPH during the period from january, l985 to january, l986. And we have observed the relationships between blood pressure and central venous pressure change with irrigation fluid volume, resected weight of prostate, resection time and blood loss. The following results were obtained. 1. Among the 32 transurethral resection of prostate, resection time was 67+/-18 min(Mean- S.D.), resected weight of prostate was 22.4+/-11.2gm, irrigation fluid was 24,000ml+/-9,800ml, Blood loss was 456+/-ml280ml. There was significant correlate between resection time, resected weight of prostate, irrigation fluid volume and blood loss. 2. Preoperative blood pressure was l28mmHg+/-l4mmHg/76mmHg+/-9mmHg (systolic/diastolic, Mean+/-S.D.), and it was become 128mmHg+/-l2mmHg/81mmHg+/-8mmHg immediately after spinal anesthesia. After 20min and 40min starting operation, blood pressure were 116mmHg+/-l3mmHg/74 mmHg+/-8mmHg and 112mmHg+/-12mmHg/71mmHg+/-9mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure was returned to nearly preoperative blood pressure on 4 hours after operation, and the blood pressure was 129mmHg+/-11mmHg/82mmHg+/-9mmHg. 3. Preoperative central venous pressure was 6.7cmH2O+/-2.9cmH2O(Mean-S.D.) and it was become 5.9cmH2O+/-2.5cmH2O immediately after spinal anesthesia. After 20min starting operation, central venous pressure were 5.1cmH2O+/-2.7cmH2O and 4.8cmH2O+/-2.OcmH2O respectively. Central venous pressure were returned to nearly central venous pressure of immediate after spinal anesthesia on 4 hours after operation, and the central venous pressure was 5.6cmH2O+/-1.8cmH2O. 4. Blood pressure and central venous pressure changes were correlate in case more than 800ml of blood loss but there was no correlate in cases with loss than 800ml of blood loss.

A Case of Malignant Melanoma of Female Urethra / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra is very rare, comprising 2-3% of the female urethral tumors. About 50 cases were reported in the literature. Peak incidence is in the fifth and sixth decades of life and the tumor shows early metastasis with poor prognosis. Treatment measures include surgical exirpation, radiation and chemotherapy, but the results were bad. Herein, we reported a case of primary malignant melanoma of urethra developed in 63 years old women.

A Case of Kallmann's Syndrome / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The association of anosmia with gonadal failure was first described by Kallmann et al. and reviewed by Nawakouski and Lenz. This hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is due to a defect of the hypothalamic level. We reported a case of Kallmann`s syndrome who was visited our department for evaluation of undescended testis. The patient was 15 year old male with anosmia and underdeveloped external genitalia. Hormonal study was done. On basal state. FSH was 1.1 mIU/ml, LH and testosterone were undetectable. 24 hours urine 17-OH CS is 4.5 mg/dl. After LH-RH 100 microgram was intravenous administration. LH value was 3.9mIU/ml. 2.0mIU/ml. 1.7mIU/ml. 1.0mIU/ml on 30', 60', 90', 120', respectively and FSH value was 3.8mIU/ml, 4.0mIU/ml, 4.9mIU/ml, 4.0mIU/ml on 30', 60', 90'. 120', respectively.